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We also sent prostate cancer-specific biennial questionnaires to participants and their doctors to obtain information on PSA values, treatments, and metastases. After a report of prostate cancer, we obtained medical records to verify the diagnosis and abstract information on date of diagnosis, stage, PSA values, Gleason sum, treatments, and metastases. Men were asked every two years if they had been diagnosed with prostate cancer. Based on prior studies, we hypothesized that saturated fat intake after diagnosis would be associated with higher risk of lethal prostate cancer. Thus, we prospectively examined post-diagnostic consumption of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, trans, animal, and vegetable fats in relation to risk of lethal prostate cancer and all-cause mortality among men with non-metastatic prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. 9– 11 However, all of these studies had relatively few events, asked men with prostate cancer to recall their diet prior to diagnosis, and were conducted in unscreened populations. Saturated fats have been associated with higher risk of prostate cancer death, while marine fatty acids and monounsaturated fat have been associated with lower risk of prostate cancer death. Three prospective case-only studies have examined fat intake in relation to prostate cancer death. 8 Yet little is known about post-diagnostic fat intake and prostate cancer progression or overall survival. 2– 7 Studies of advanced disease are more consistent than studies examining total prostate cancer, suggesting fat intake may be relevant to disease progression. 1 Dietary fat has been extensively studied in relation to incident prostate cancer with mixed results. Nearly 2.5 million men currently live with prostate cancer in the United States, and over 241,000 were diagnosed in 2012. Saturated and trans fats after diagnosis were associated with higher all-cause mortality. No other fats were associated with lethal prostate cancer. Post-diagnostic vegetable fat was associated with lower risk of lethal prostate cancer and all-cause mortality. For all-cause mortality, the rates were: 28.4 v. Crude rates per 1000 person-years for lethal prostate cancer were (highest v. We observed 315 events of lethal prostate cancer and 1064 deaths (median follow-up = 8.4 y).
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